Measles
Many people believe that getting the measles can be beneficial. Instead, the measles infection is considered one of the childhood illnesses with the most negative ramifications. The studies below indicate how children who catch the measles often suffer negative outcomes for up to several years later, including higher infectious rates, higher death rates from secondary complications, and higher prescription medication use, as compared to children who did not have the measles.
Barrett, P., Cotter, S., Ryan, F., Connell, J., Cronin, A., Ward, M., … & Outbreak Control Team. (2018). A national measles outbreak in Ireland linked to a single imported case, April to September, 2016. Eurosurveillance, 23(31).
Barskey, A. E., Schulte, C., Rosen, J. B., Handschur, E. F., Rausch-Phung, E., Doll, M. K., … & Apostolou, A. (2012). Mumps outbreak in Orthodox Jewish communities in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(18), 1704-1713.
Benharroch, D. (2016). Atypical measles syndrome-a brief review. Ann Clin Cytol Pathol, 2(6), 1039.
Benharroch, D., Ariad, S., Tadmor, N., Nalbandyan, K., & Lazarev, I. (2016). Relevance of the measles virus expression in cancer-an update. Pathology & Oncology Research, 22(4), 661-666.
Benharroch, D., Gopas, J., & Ariad, S. (2014). Does the Measles Virus Contribute to Carcinogenesis?-A Review. Journal of Cancer, 5(2), 98.
De Vries, R. D., McQuaid, S., Van Amerongen, G., Yüksel, S., Verburgh, R. J., Osterhaus, A. D., … & De Swart, R. L. (2012). Measles immune suppression: lessons from the macaque model. PLoS pathogens, 8(8), e1002885.
Feikin, D. R., Lezotte, D. C., Hamman, R. F., Salmon, D. A., Chen, R. T., & Hoffman, R. E. (2000). Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization. Jama, 284(24), 3145-3150.
Imdad, A., Mayo‐Wilson, E., Herzer, K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (3).
Laksono, B. M., de Vries, R. D., Verburgh, R. J., Visser, E. G., de Jong, A., Fraaij, P. L., … & van Zelm, M. C. (2018). Studies into the mechanism of measles-associated immune suppression during a measles outbreak in the Netherlands. Nature communications, 9(1), 4944.
La Boccetta, A. C., & Tornay, A. S. (1964). Measles encephalitis: report of 61 cases. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 107(3), 247-255
Mina, M. J., Metcalf, C. J. E., de Swart, R. L., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Grenfell, B. T. (2015). Long-term measles-induced immunomodulation increases overall childhood infectious disease mortality. Science, 348(6235), 694-699.
Mina, M. J., Kula, T., Leng, Y., Li, M., De Vries, R. D., Knip, M., … & Larman, H. B. (2019). Measles virus infection diminishes preexisting antibodies that offer protection from other pathogens. Science, 366(6465), 599-606
Pesonen, E., Andsberg, E., Öhlin, H., Puolakkainen, M., Rautelin, H., Sarna, S., & Persson, K. (2007). Dual role of infections as risk factors for coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis, 192(2), 370-375.
Petrova, V. N., Sawatsky, B., Han, A. X., Laksono, B. M., Walz, L., Parker, E., … & Kellam, P. (2019). Incomplete genetic reconstitution of B cell pools contributes to prolonged immunosuppression after measles. Science immunology, 4(41).
Selin, L. K., Vergilis, K., Welsh, R. M., & Nahill, S. R. (1996). Reduction of otherwise remarkably stable virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte memory by heterologous viral infections. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 183(6), 2489-2499.
Wesemann, D. R. (2019). Game of clones: How measles remodels the B cell landscape. Science immunology, 4(41).
